Large felids are not commonly known worldwide as predators of humans, although such cases are sometimes reported in African and Asian countries. However, once habituation to human presence and activities increases, the possibility of aggressive confrontation rises proportionally. Deadly conflicts thus become more probable and coexistence between predators and humans is jeopardized. On the American continent, pumas Puma concolor are well known as attackers of humans, as shown by several lethal attacks. Although attacks by jaguars Panthera onca have been recorded in several areas (CENAP, unpubl. data), they were all provoked and most of them were caused by an animal cornered during hunting; man-eating jaguars have never been reported throughout their range. This report presents a unique case of a predatory attack by a jaguar in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso State (western Brazil) that happened in June 2008
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